The listing of these studies is not an endorsement of their scientifically-based rigor. Rather, they are provided as research resources only and the consumer must determine how closely they adhere to scientifically-based principles. Many of the studies can also be found and researched further at the  What Works Clearinghouse and the ISTE CARET site.

 

Experimental & Quasi-experimental Study Examples

 

Baldwin, S. (2001). Infusing computer technology: A novice teacher user meets the challenge with high school ESL students. Networks: An On-line Journal for Teacher Research, 4(2).

 

Barker, T., & Togeson, J. (1995). An evaluation of computer assisted instruction in phonological awareness with below average readers. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 13(1), 89–103.

 

Blanton, W., Moorman, G., Hayes, B., & Warner, M. (1997). Effects of participation in the fifth dimension on far transfer. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 16(4), 371–396.

 

Boone, R., Higgins, K., Notari, A., & Stump, C. (1996). Hypermedia pre-reading lessons: Learner-centered software for kindergarten. Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 7(1), 39–69.

 

Boster, F. J., Meyer, G. S., Roberto, A. J., & Inge, C. C. (2002). A report on the effect of the unitedstreaming(TM) application on educational performance. Farmville, VA: Longwood University.

 

Brush, T. A. (1997). The effects on student achievement and attitudes when using integrated learning systems with cooperative pairs. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(1), 51–64.

 

Elliot, A., & Hall, N. (1997). The impact of self-regulatory teaching strategies on ‘at-risk’ preschoolers’ mathematical learning in a computer-mediated environment.  Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 8(2), 187–198.

 

Erdner, R., Guy, R., & Bush, A. (1998). The impact of a year of computer assisted instruction on the development of first grade learning skills. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 18(2), 369–383.

 

Fadali, S. (2001).  Preliminary results of an online mathematics testing program for engineers. Electronic Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual International Conference on Technology in Collegiate Mathematics.

 

Hickey, D.T., Kindfield, A.C.H, Horowitz, P. & Christie, M.T. (2003). Integrating curriculum, instruction, assessment, and evaluation in a technology-supported genetics learning environment. American Educational Research Journal, 40(2), 495-538.

 

Hickey, D. T., Moore, A. L., & Pellegrino, J. W. (2001). The motivational and academic consequences of elementary mathematics environments: Do constructivist innovations and reforms make a difference? American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 611-652.

 

Holliday, D. C. (2001). Using cooperative learning in a middle school computer lab. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, WA, April 10-14, 2001. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED452265.

 

Kapes, J. T., Martinez, L., Slivinski, T., & Hardwicke, S. (1998). Internet-based vs. paper-pencil occupational competency test administration: An equivalency study. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

 

Kern, R.G. (1995). Restructuring classroom interaction with networked computers: Effects on quantity and characteristics of language production. The Modern Language Journal, 79, 457-476.

 

Kingsbury, G. G. (April, 2002). An Empirical Comparison of Achievement Level Estimates from Adaptive Tests and Paper-and-Pencil Tests. Paper presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA.

 

Koedinger, K., Anderson, J., Hadley, W., & Mark, M., (1997). Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city. Pittsburgh, PA: Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8, 30-43.

 

Liu, X., Macmillian, R., & Timmons, V., (1998, April). Assessing the impact of computer integration on students. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

 

MacArthur, C. A., Schwartz, S. S., & Graham, S. (1991). Effects of a reciprocal peer revision strategy in special education classrooms. Learning Disability Research and Practice, 6, 201-210.

 

Maki, W. S., & Maki, R. H. (2002). Multimedia comprehension skill predicts differential outcomes of web-based and lecture courses.Journal of Experimental Psychology, Applied, 8(2), 85 – 98.

 

Mason, B., Patry, M., & Bernstein, D. (2000). An examination of the equivalence between non-adaptive computer-based and traditional testing. Journal of Educational Computing Research 24(1), pp. 29-38.

 

Miall, D. S., & Dobson, T. (2001). Reading hypertext and the experience of literature. Journal of Digital Information, 2(1).

 

Middleton, B. M. & Murray, R. K. (1999). The impact of instructional technology on student academic achievement in reading and mathematics. International Journal of Instructional Media, 26(1), 109.

 

Mikropoulos, T., (2001). Brain activity on navigation in virtual environments. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 24(1), 1-12.

 

Moore-Hart, M. (1995). The effects of multicultural links on reading and writing performance and cultural awareness of fourth and fifth grades. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(3), 391–410.

 

Osmundson, E., Chung, G. K. W. K., Herl, H. E., & Klein, D. C. D. (1999). Knowledge mapping in the classroom: A tool for examining the development of students' conceptual understandings. Los Angeles, CA: National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing.

 

Owston, R. D., & Wideman, H. H. (1997). Word processors and children's writing in a high-computer-access setting. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 30(2), 202-220.

 

Rakes, G. C., Flowers, B. F., Casey, H. B., & Santana, R. (1999). An analysis of instructional technology use and constructivist behaviors in K-12 teachers. International Journal of Educational Technology, 1(2).

 

Riding, R., & Grimley, M., (1999). Cognitive style, gender and learning from multi-media material in 11-year-old children.British Journal of Educational Technology, 30(1), 43–56.

 

Ross, J. A., Hogaboam-Gray, A., & Hannay, L. (2001). Collateral benefits of an interactive literacy program for grade 1 and 2 students. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(3), 219-234.

 

Russell, M. (1999). Testing on computers: A follow-up study comparing performance on computer and on paper. Education Policy Analysis Archives 7(20). Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation, and Education Policy, (CSTEEP), Boston College.

 

Russell, M. & Haney, W. (1997, January 15). Testing writing on computers: An experiment comparing student performance on tests conducted via computer and via paper-and-pencil. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 5(3).

 

Salerno, C. (1995). The effect of time on computer-assisted instruction for at-risk students. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 28(1), 85–97.

 

Slack, J. B., & St. John, E. P. (1999, April).A practical model for measuring the effect of school reform on the reading achievement of non-transient learners. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Education Research Association (AERA). Montreal, Canada.

 

Staats & Associates, Inc. (2004, March). An evaluation of the merit reading software program in the Calhoun County, WV middle/high school. Prepared for Merit Software, New York.

 

Strickland, A., Coffland, D., Strickland, J., Coffland, J., & Harris, L. (2001). The use of technology to improve mathematics performance among elementary school students. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 2001(1), 1821 - 1822. 

 

Utay, C., & Utay, J. (1997).  Peer-assisted learning: The effects of cooperative learning and cross-age peer tutoring with word processing on writing skills of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Computing in Childhood Education, 8(2/3), 165-185. (Abstract) (WWC Report)

 

Vahey, P., Enyedy, N., & Gifford, B. (2000). Learning probability through the use of a collaborative, inquiry-based simulation environment. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11(1), 51-84. 

 

Wang, M., Laffey, J., & Poole, M. J. (2001). The construction of shared knowledge in an Internet-based shared environment for expeditions (iExpeditions). International Journal of Educational Technology 2(2).

 

Waxman, H., & Huang, S. (1996). Classroom instruction differences by level of technology use in middle school mathematics. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 14(2), 157-169.

 

Weber, J. E., & Ash, S. R., (1998). Side effects of incidental computer use: Increased confidence. Psychological Reports, 83, 211-214.

 

White, B. Y., & Frederiksen, J. R. (1998). Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction, 16(1), 3-188.

 

Wizer, D. (1995). Small group instruction using microcomputers: Focus on group behaviors. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 28(1), 121–132.

 

Xin, J. (1999). Computer-assisted cooperative learning in integrated classrooms for students with and without disabilities. Information technology in childhood education annual, 61–78.

 

Xin, J. F., & Reith, H. (2001). Video-assisted vocabulary instruction for elementary school students with learning disabilities. Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual, p. 87.

 

Zhang, Y., & Espinoza, S., (1997). Affiliations of computer self-efficacy and attitudes with need for learning computer skills. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(4), 371 - 383.

 

Zollman, A., Oldham, B., & Wyrick, J. (1989). Effects of computer-assisted instruction on reading and mathematics achievement of Chapter 1 students. Resources in Education. Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and Environmental Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 313 024).

 

Correlational Study Examples

 

Alspaugh, J.W. (1999). The relationship between the number of students per computer and educational outcomes.  Journal of Educational Computing Research, 21(2), 141-150.

 

Barron, A. E., Hogarty, K. Y., Kromrey, J. D., & Lenkway, P. (1999). An examination of the relationships between student conduct and the number of computers per student in Florida schools. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 32(1). 98-107.

 

Boxie, P., & Maring, G. H. (2001, May). Cybermentoring: The relationship between preservice teachers’ use of online literacy strategies and student achievement. Reading Online, 4(10).

 

Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1999, May). The evolution of the digital divide: Examining the relationship of race to Internet access and usage over time. Vanderbilt University Project 2000.

 

Swanson, H. L. (1999) Instructional components that predict treatment outcomes for students with learning disabilities: Support for a combined strategy and direct instruction model. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 14(3), 129-140.

 

Wenglinsky, H. (1998). Does it compute? The relationship between educational technology and student achievement in mathematics. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

 

Survey Study Examples

 

Abbott, J. A., & Faris, S. E. (2000). Integrating technology into pre-service literacy instruction: A survey of elementary education students' attitudes toward computers. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33(2), 149-161.

 

Anderson, R. E., Ronnkvist, A. (1999, June). . In Teaching, learning and computing: 1998 national survey (Report #2). Center for Research on Information Technology and Organization. (PDF)

 

Becker, H.J. (1998). Internet use by teachers (Report No. 1). Irvine, CA: Teaching, Learning, & Computing.

 

Becker, H. (2000). Findings from the teaching, learning and computing survey: Is Larry Cuban right? Paper presented at the January 2000 School Technology Leadership Conference of the Council of Chief State School Officers, Washington, D.C.

 

Becker, H. & Anderson, R. (1998). 

 

Becker, H. J., & Ravitz, J. L. (2001). Computer use by teachers: Are Cuban's predictions correct? Paper presented at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, Washington.

 

DeBell, M. & Chapman, C. (2003). Computer and Internet use by children and adolescents in 2001 (NCES document #2004014). National Center for Education Statistics.

 

Doherty, K. M., & Orlofsky, G. F. (2001). Technology counts: Education week/MDR/Harris interactive poll of students and technology. Education Week, 20(35), 47.

 

International Society for Technology in Education. (1999). Will new teachers be prepared to teach in a digital age? A national survey of information technology in teacher education. Santa Monica, CA: Milken Exchange on Education Technology.

 

Kleiner, A. & Lewis, L. (2003). Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994-2002 (NCES document # 2004011). National Center for Education Statistics.

 

Moursund, D., & Bielefeldt, T. (1999). Will new teachers be prepared to teach in a digital age? A national survey on information technology in teacher education. Santa Monica, CA: The Milken Exchange on Education Technology.

 

Thompson, C. (2001). The state of e-learning in the states. From a National Governors Association (NGA) Center for Best Practices' e-learning survey of states conducted in April 2000.

 

Mixed Method Study Examples

 

McNabb, M. L. & Hassel, B. (2002). Reading Online. International Reading Association. (NOTE: This study jointly addresses English Language Arts content standards and NETS-T and NETS-S standards.)

 

Case Study Examples

 

Bain, A., & Ross, K. (2000). School reengineering and SAT-1 performance: A case study. International Journal of Education Reform, 9(2), pp. 148-153.

 

Brandjes, E. C. (1997). 

 

Honey, M., & McMillan, K. (1996). Case studies of K-12 educators' use of the Internet: Exploring the relationship between metaphor and practice. Center for Children & Technology CCT Reports Issue No. 5.

 

Russell, M., Bebell, D., Cowan, J., & Corbelli, M. (2002). An AlphaSmart for each student: Does teaching and learning change with full access to word processors? Technology and Study Collaborative, Boston College.

 

Staudt, C., & Horwitz, P. (2001). Reconciling conflicting evidence. Researchers use models and handhelds to investigate how students learn science. @ CONCORD.org (The Concord Consortium), 5(1).

 

Stieff, M., & Wilensky, U. (2002). Chemlogo: An emergent modeling environment for teaching and learning chemistry. Proceedings of the fifth biannual International Conference of the Learning Sciences, October 2002.

, N. B. (1995-96). The role of school-based technology coordinators as change agents in elementary school programs: A follow-up study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 28(2), 234-257.

 

Taines, C., Schneider, R., & Blumenfeld, P. (2001). Observations of urban middle school students engaged in technology-supported inquiry.

 

Wolf, S., Brush, T., & Saye, J. (2003). The big six information skills as a metacognitive scaffold: A case study. School Library Media Research.