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How can we determine whether research instruments and data collection procedures are valid, reliable, and educationally meaningful?
If we use empirical processes-those that can be measured---we need better instruments to measure the outcomes and variables/factors that moderate such outcomes. These instruments should be highly reliable, highly valid, educationally relevant, and not intrusive (to the extent possible). The result of employing measures that fit these criteria will result in a closer alignment between research goals and decisions made about classroom instructional practices that involve technology.
Depending upon one's theory on why a specific use of technology might impact an outcome, different moderating variables would be considered. The following outlines some definitions, a possible framework for developing a measurement instrument and a specific illustration of the process eMINTS went through to arrive at assumptions that framed their measurement instrument.
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